New Study Identifies Midwest as a Crop Drought Hotspot

A new study identifies portions of Wisconsin and the Midwest as a key agricultural region considered a crop drought hotspot. Researchers say it highlights the importance of water management and drought preparedness for crop producers. 

The analysis, published by the Nature Communications Journal, shows how 17 major food crops, ranging from corn to soybeans, wheat and rice, respond to drought conditions in the Midwest — compared to other parts of the world. These crops account for close to 75% of global food production.

Researchers found especially high drought sensitivity in soybean, barley, and sorghum crops across the Midwest. They point out it’s also where freshwater resources are often stressed beyond a sustainable rate.

Rainfed crops face greater risk

Researchers say crops grown without irrigation are significantly more sensitive to drought than those supplied with supplemental water. They studied corn and soybean production in parts of Wisconsin and the Midwest, where many farmers depend on rainfall rather than irrigation. Results revealed prolonged periods of dry weather left the crops vulnerable to a reduction in growth and yields.  

Irrigated crops remained more stable during times of drought because producers can offset a lack of rainfall with managed water supplies.

Midwest among global hotspots

Researchers identified several regions where agricultural production is especially susceptible to drought. The Midwestern United States, eastern Brazil, eastern Spain, central and northern India are among the top hotspots.

The findings suggest producers in these areas may face a higher risk of crop losses during drought years. It makes makes investments in conservation practices, soil health, water management, and drought planning increasingly important.

The study also introduced new tools for measuring agricultural drought risk.

Researchers say the metrics could help farmers, policymakers, and agricultural organizations identify where resources and investments are most needed to strengthen resilience against future droughts.

And as weather patterns continue to fluctuate, the study shares a reminder that improving drought preparedness will be an important part of protecting crop production in Wisconsin and across the Midwest.

You can find the entire study, just published, here.